DOI: 10.7256/2409-8728.2016.12.2140

Abstract: The subject of research is the concept of "human unions" by Chicherin. Hegel, as we know, also developed the concept of unions in his philosophical and legal doctrine. But the concept of Chicherin is radically different. Chicherin considers human unions as universal forms of earthly coexistence of people who are connected with the ontology of human existence. Therefore, according to Chicherin, the state as a union of men, even though it is the highest union, but does not eliminate other unions. All four human unions - family, civil society, church and state - constitute the single balanced whole. Comparative analysis of the views and approaches of Chicherin towards the analysis of nature of human unions at different stages of his creative evolution, demonstrates that the concept of the state as human union has undergone significant changes. The scientific novelty of this study is related to the in-depth study of the nature of human association, their relation with the ontology of human existence in the first place with the idea of freedom. The work illustrates the role of each union from the perspective of realization of the freedom of men within it, as well as correlation between the law and morals.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2015.12.17187

Abstract: The subject of research is the metaphysical concept of identity of the outstanding Russian philosopher Boris Chicherin. This concept permeates the entire complex architecture of his teachings: Sociology, philosophy, politics, legal doctrine, the doctrine of economic, religious and ethical views. Evolution of the thinker towards absolute idealism, formed the metaphysical concept of the individual caught up in turn a decisive influence on the very system of absolute idealism, it is becoming more and more personalistic. The methodology of the research is based on the principle of immanent critique, which allows to reconstruct the relationship and interdependence of the key ideas of the thinker. The article shows the evolution of Chicherin’s views on the nature of person. If the earlier works of the thinker, which followed almost exclusively in line with the ideas of Hegel, the identity presented only a transitory moment of historical development, the later works was treated the person as an essence, not only realize the idea of the Absolute, but carrying it in ourselves. The concept of person has had a largely decisive influence on the formation of philosophical personalism in Russia.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2015.10.16677

Abstract: Based on the analysis of Vladimir Solovyov's fundamental philosophical work 'The Justification of the Good', the author of the article studies the importance of Solovyov's ideas on freedom and human dignity for the key provisions of the liberal ethical and philosophical doctrine. Traditionally, Solovyov is believed to be the harbinger of social liberalism because he spoke of the right to have a decent human existence as the fundamental human right. This right is usually viewed in terms of redistribution of social wealth and social functions of the government. However, thorough reading of Solovyev's research shows that technically, he meant moral aspects of human existence but not pragmatic or legal aspects. These aspects refer to the fact that human has the right to be the source, purpose and meaning but not just a mean of social development. The analysis of the key provisions of 'The Justification of the Good' shows that the idea of human dignity is closely related to the idae of freedom. Decent existence and dignity itself are based on the human ability to choose the good freely and without any external influence or pressure while he always has an opportunity to commit the evil. In his article Chizhikov demonstrates the logical relationship between freedom, morals and human dignity. Solovyov provides true ethical and philosophical grounds for fundamental values of liberalism. For him freedom and human dignity are the basis and result of the universal process of the development of the good as a combination of both human and humanity moral development.