DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2018.11.25683

Abstract: The subject of this research is the judicial and jurisdictional policy of the Russian supreme authority with regards to indigenous people and immigrants of the Ural regions in the early XVIII century. The goal of this work lies in the analysis of the early stages of development of the local systems of justice, forms and methods of adaptation and integration of peoples and separate social groups into the political-legal system of Russia. The author draws a conclusion that in the context of state reforms of the first half of the XVIII century, the judicial and jurisdictional policy of the Russian supreme power with regards to indigenous people of the Ural regions was undergoing transformations aimed at establishment of typical jurisdiction and balanced expansion of the legal field of the Russian Empire. The judicial system and jurisdiction continued to consider the ethnocultural specificity of the population in Ural regions, where the powers in administering justice were delegate to special agencies for increasing the effectiveness of the local government and successful implementation of state policy. The scientific novelty consists in examining the questions of establishment in the province of the Russian Empire of the systems of justice that consider the historical and sociocultural peculiarities of the local population – indigenous peoples and immigrants. The author introduces into the scientific discourse of the regulatory acts and documentation that give a perspective on the results of implementation of the judicial and jurisdictional policy of the Russian supreme authority in the Ural regions during the late XVIII century.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2018.11.43139

Abstract: The subject of this research is the judicial and jurisdictional policy of the Russian supreme authority with regards to indigenous people and immigrants of the Ural regions in the early XVIII century. The goal of this work lies in the analysis of the early stages of development of the local systems of justice, forms and methods of adaptation and integration of peoples and separate social groups into the political-legal system of Russia. The author draws a conclusion that in the context of state reforms of the first half of the XVIII century, the judicial and jurisdictional policy of the Russian supreme power with regards to indigenous people of the Ural regions was undergoing transformations aimed at establishment of typical jurisdiction and balanced expansion of the legal field of the Russian Empire. The judicial system and jurisdiction continued to consider the ethnocultural specificity of the population in Ural regions, where the powers in administering justice were delegate to special agencies for increasing the effectiveness of the local government and successful implementation of state policy. The scientific novelty consists in examining the questions of establishment in the province of the Russian Empire of the systems of justice that consider the historical and sociocultural peculiarities of the local population – indigenous peoples and immigrants. The author introduces into the scientific discourse of the regulatory acts and documentation that give a perspective on the results of implementation of the judicial and jurisdictional policy of the Russian supreme authority in the Ural regions during the late XVIII century.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2017.1.17478

Abstract: The object of this research is the judicial system of the Russian Empire in the late XVIII century. The article analyzes the goals, content, and results of judicial legal reforms realized by Paul I. The author examines the reforms carried out in the general jurisdiction courts, as well as system of bodies of state and public administration. The attention is given to the results of implementation of the judicial legal reform in the regions of Russian Empire with the sanctioned systems of law, and places of compact dwelling of the ethnical social classes. The author concludes that the Emperor Paul I, who attempted to optimize the state apparatus and consolidate legal order based on the “police state ideology”, reduced the number of courts of general jurisdiction, realized decentralization of functions of justice, as well as eliminated the estates representatives from composition of the judicial board. The monarch reinforced the municipal and district police administration, and distributed the principles of centralization and unification at the volost level of administration system. Paul I demonstrated the support of succession of the sources of law, which regulate court organization and procedure in separate areas violated during the ruling period of Catherine the Great, not only by restoring the pre-reformation bodies in Little Russia and Baltic region, but strengthening the distinct status of ethnical estates and mitigating integration of the migrants. The restoration of special judicial organization in separate areas and weakening of the elements of social control over judicial procedure in state courts, were the factor that objectively constrained the development of system of justice in the Russian Empire.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2017.1.17478

Abstract: The object of this research is the judicial system of the Russian Empire in the late XVIII century. The article analyzes the goals, content, and results of judicial legal reforms realized by Paul I. The author examines the reforms carried out in the general jurisdiction courts, as well as system of bodies of state and public administration. The attention is given to the results of implementation of the judicial legal reform in the regions of Russian Empire with the sanctioned systems of law, and places of compact dwelling of the ethnical social classes. The author concludes that the Emperor Paul I, who attempted to optimize the state apparatus and consolidate legal order based on the “police state ideology”, reduced the number of courts of general jurisdiction, realized decentralization of functions of justice, as well as eliminated the estates representatives from composition of the judicial board. The monarch reinforced the municipal and district police administration, and distributed the principles of centralization and unification at the volost level of administration system. Paul I demonstrated the support of succession of the sources of law, which regulate court organization and procedure in separate areas violated during the ruling period of Catherine the Great, not only by restoring the pre-reformation bodies in Little Russia and Baltic region, but strengthening the distinct status of ethnical estates and mitigating integration of the migrants. The restoration of special judicial organization in separate areas and weakening of the elements of social control over judicial procedure in state courts, were the factor that objectively constrained the development of system of justice in the Russian Empire.

DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2015.2.13938

Abstract: The object of the present research is the judicial system of the Russian Empire at the end of the XVIIIth century, the subejct of the research is the peculiarities of the implementation of the institution of judicial representatives that was established in 1775 in the territory of the Russian North (the case studies of Vologda and Arkhangelsk Governorates). In his article Voropanov analyzes the practice of substituting for the position of the 'judge' in governorate and uyezd courts (upper and lower institutions of justice as well as uyezd police administration, i.e. lower zemstvo courts), experience of law-enforcing activities of people elected by peasant communities as well as the attitude of the population towards reformed bodies of 'official justice' and, as a consequence, effectiveness of the judicial and legal reformations undertaken by Yekaterina the Second. In order to solve the set goals, Voropanov has used both general and specific research methods that are usually used in philosophy, law, history and social studies. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the author analyzes documents of management and record keeping of the local state authorities of the late XVIIIth century that have never been studied before but provide a great insight into both implementation of electoral legislation and court activities created as a result of local government reforms in 1775 - 1785. The author also examines the role of these documents in the regulation of public relations in the territory of the Russian North and effectiveness of judicial and legal tranformations performed by Yekaterina the Second. The conclusions made by the author do not only disprove the opinion that the judicial reform of 1775 - 1785 was unefficient but also allow to assess methods, means and results of the government's efforts on strengthening the balance of public relations, both between different social classes and ethnic groups and both in the Russian North and Russian Empire in general.