DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2015.4.14573

Abstract: Being a widely occuring form of extremism in the modern army, the phenomenon of dedovshchina or hazing is characterized by the non-statutory (violent) relations humiliating human dignity among the military personnel of conscription service. In her article Popova examines qualitative levels and hazing modalities (such as sociocultural, philosophical and psychological, ethical modalities ) demonstrating a variety of the factors influencing aggression and distribution of violence in the army environment. The psychological mechanisms ensuring psychological safety and moral complacency are also considered. These include moral justification, substitution of notions, favorable comparison, responsibility rearrangement, distribution of responsibility, ignoring or distortion of consequences, dehumanization, and attributing of fault. The author is guided by the conceptual provisions of A. Bandura's psyhology who defined the most typical justificatory mechanisms allowing to deviate from strict moral claims without feelings self-disrespect. Analysing the philosophical and psychological factors of "dedovshchina" as some kind of justificatory mechanisms of this phenomenon, the author comes to the conclusion that they act as patterns of avoidance of self-punishment and loss of self-esteem owing to commission of reprehensible actions. They can not be articulated at the time of commission of an act of violence, but, as a rule, are present at the subsequent reflection over the behavior when there is a conflict of the values created by the army environment and social values where the idea of violence is either disadvantaged or hidden. 

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2015.3.10988

Abstract: The article is devoted to the main models of physicality in ethics and philosophy. The author of the article describes the following approaches ('paradigms') to the concepts of 'body' and 'physicality' in modern philosophy: 1) the 'paradigm' of existence (existential or holisti approach to body); 2) the 'paradigm' of possession (instrumental or functional concepts of body); 3) the 'paradigm' of construction (body as a project or a technological artefact). Each model involves particular standards and sets a certain type of formation of anthropological borders and anthropological norms. By applying the historical-philosophical approach and ethical analysis, the author demonstrates that in a life of a modern man there is always the dialectics of existence, possession and construction. The author concludes that at the epoch of the intensive technological development, body technologies created as a result of the external socio-cultural transformation of the biotic substrate ('physicality') are gradually turning into the body techologies that are the results of the symbiosis between life and technology. Potential integration of biotechnologies into a human body that have the effects of socialization and education creates new forms of 'self-care'. 

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2014.8.12448

Abstract: