DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2017.4.18370

Abstract:   Deprivation of freedom, as the preventative punishment and criminal sanction, has a lengthy history in the Russian legislation. Execution of punishment in form of the deprivation of freedom has not been determined as an independent branch, and manifested as the institution of police law. The subject of this research is the direction of legal regulation of police activity in the Russian empire of XIX century, associated with the implementation of provisions on the preliminary detention and realization of the correctional and criminal punishments. The main conclusion of the conducted research consists in the position that systematization of the police legislation that regulated restriction of freedom as the measure of suppression and deprivation of freedom as punishment, has been realized in the process of activity of the II department of His Imperial Majesty clerical office on systematization of the Russian legislation. It resulting in establishment of the first legislative act regarding the deprivation of freedom – “Digest of decrees about those detained in custody and exiled”, which became a part pf the XIV volume of the Code of Laws of the Russian Empire, as well as completed the institutionalization of police law in this sphere.  

DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2015.6.16694

Abstract: Public charity in the Russian Empire, as a social activity, was a complex of legal and organizational measures aimed at social support and protection of vulnerable groups, creating conditions for the realization of their labor ability, and also measures of law enforcement, medical, religious and educational nature. The police involved in the field of public welfare was manifested in the efforts of state bodies in the sphere of public charity, primarily the Ministry of internal Affairs of the Russian Empire, which was responsible for its organization at Central and peripheral levels.Methodological basis of research is the dialectical-materialistic method of cognition of socio-legal phenomena, as well as historical and legal, system-structural, comparative legal, logical-theoretical and private scientific methods of study normative documents in combination with a systematic approach and analysis. The main conclusion of the conducted research was the provision that the police took an active part in the organization of public charity in the Russian Empire of the XIX century. The Ministry of internal Affairs practically since its formation in 1802, was entrusted to manage not only the orders of public charity, but most importantly the facility of all Affairs of the charity. It was an expression of the desire of the authorities to implement law enforcement and social functions by one Department. Performing a law enforcement function, the Ministry of internal Affairs have solved the problems of police surveillance and control the activities of charity societies and private persons, undertook measures for the prevention and suppression of vagrancy and begging.

DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2015.5.15908

Abstract: The material welfare of the people depends on the implementation of government measures aimed at protecting the health of the population. The preservation of life and health it is necessary for the purpose of man, and to the safety and welfare of the state. These measures are the subject of the medical activities of the police. Under medical police should understand the system provided for by the legislation of the measures undertaken by the government and aimed at ensuring healthy living conditions, prevention of illnesses by removing the causes that contribute to their occurrence, and termination of diseases encountered.Methodological basis of research is the dialectical-materialist method of cognition of socio-legal phenomena, and the legal history, systemic-structural, comparative legal, logical-theoretical and specific scientific methods of study regulatory documents in conjunction with a systematic approach and analysis. The main conclusion of the conducted research was the provision that the police took an active part in activities aimed at protecting the health of the population of the Russian Empire in the XIX – early XX centuries, which was one of the ways to ensure the safety and welfare of the state. Measures of medical police were concentrated in the Arch of institutions and statutes on medical civil part, which was included in T. XIII of the code of laws of the Russian Empire of 1832, published in the edition of 1857 as Charter medical has become the fundamental legal act regulating medical-sanitary activities in Russia until 1917.

DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2015.4.15412

Abstract: The determining factor in the success of the state in the sphere of security is its due legal support. Historical experience shows that the creation of legislative base in the sphere of internal security and policing, it is necessary not only to consider the current state of legal framework governing the functioning of law enforcement, but also to fully use the existing experience of formation and development of the police legislation in the pre-revolutionary period of Russia's development. The research subject is a police law: its formation, registration and development in the Russian Empire in the second quarter of the XIX – early XX centuries.Methodological basis of research is the dialectical-materialist method of cognition of socio-legal phenomena, and the legal history, systemic-structural, comparative legal, logical-theoretical and specific scientific methods of study regulatory documents in conjunction with a systematic approach and analysis. The main conclusion of the conducted research was the provision that the formation and development of the police legislation of the Russian state took place as the process of obtaining the basic institutions of the police legislation. Internal policy of the Russian state is reflected in this branch of law as a tool to ensure security in broad terms – from public to personal.

DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2015.3.14690

Abstract: One form of security is the state control of population movement. The features of this control depends on many factors: the level of social production, social culture, legal culture of the population. All these phenomena develop over time, exerting a decisive influence on the characteristics of the state, including the oversight function. The subject of study is the history of the development of the police legislation in the control mechanism of migration of the population and ensure the passport regime in the Russian Empire in the XIX - early XX centuries Methodological basis of the research is dialectic-materialistic method of knowledge socio-legal phenomena, as well as legal, historical, systematic and structural, comparative, logical-theoretical and chastnonauchny methods of research of normative documents in combination with a systematic approach and analysis. The main conclusion of the conducted research was the provision that in the Russian Empire in the XIX - early XX centuries passport regime provided by the police and local authorities. During this period, for the first time in the history of the Russian police legislation was created a single legal act, consolidating the rule of law, which regulate immigration and passport control in the Russian Empire - the Code of regulations about passports and runaway, amounting to 3 part 7-the first book of the code of laws of the Russian Empire, included in volume XIV. Have removed most of the contradictions and gaps in the passport law. This was a significant step forward in the development of the police legislation in the sphere of security and facilitated the implementation of legal norms and the police.