DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2018.11.25683

Abstract: The subject of this research is the judicial and jurisdictional policy of the Russian supreme authority with regards to indigenous people and immigrants of the Ural regions in the early XVIII century. The goal of this work lies in the analysis of the early stages of development of the local systems of justice, forms and methods of adaptation and integration of peoples and separate social groups into the political-legal system of Russia. The author draws a conclusion that in the context of state reforms of the first half of the XVIII century, the judicial and jurisdictional policy of the Russian supreme power with regards to indigenous people of the Ural regions was undergoing transformations aimed at establishment of typical jurisdiction and balanced expansion of the legal field of the Russian Empire. The judicial system and jurisdiction continued to consider the ethnocultural specificity of the population in Ural regions, where the powers in administering justice were delegate to special agencies for increasing the effectiveness of the local government and successful implementation of state policy. The scientific novelty consists in examining the questions of establishment in the province of the Russian Empire of the systems of justice that consider the historical and sociocultural peculiarities of the local population – indigenous peoples and immigrants. The author introduces into the scientific discourse of the regulatory acts and documentation that give a perspective on the results of implementation of the judicial and jurisdictional policy of the Russian supreme authority in the Ural regions during the late XVIII century.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2018.11.43139

Abstract: The subject of this research is the judicial and jurisdictional policy of the Russian supreme authority with regards to indigenous people and immigrants of the Ural regions in the early XVIII century. The goal of this work lies in the analysis of the early stages of development of the local systems of justice, forms and methods of adaptation and integration of peoples and separate social groups into the political-legal system of Russia. The author draws a conclusion that in the context of state reforms of the first half of the XVIII century, the judicial and jurisdictional policy of the Russian supreme power with regards to indigenous people of the Ural regions was undergoing transformations aimed at establishment of typical jurisdiction and balanced expansion of the legal field of the Russian Empire. The judicial system and jurisdiction continued to consider the ethnocultural specificity of the population in Ural regions, where the powers in administering justice were delegate to special agencies for increasing the effectiveness of the local government and successful implementation of state policy. The scientific novelty consists in examining the questions of establishment in the province of the Russian Empire of the systems of justice that consider the historical and sociocultural peculiarities of the local population – indigenous peoples and immigrants. The author introduces into the scientific discourse of the regulatory acts and documentation that give a perspective on the results of implementation of the judicial and jurisdictional policy of the Russian supreme authority in the Ural regions during the late XVIII century.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2017.1.17478

Abstract: The object of this research is the judicial system of the Russian Empire in the late XVIII century. The article analyzes the goals, content, and results of judicial legal reforms realized by Paul I. The author examines the reforms carried out in the general jurisdiction courts, as well as system of bodies of state and public administration. The attention is given to the results of implementation of the judicial legal reform in the regions of Russian Empire with the sanctioned systems of law, and places of compact dwelling of the ethnical social classes. The author concludes that the Emperor Paul I, who attempted to optimize the state apparatus and consolidate legal order based on the “police state ideology”, reduced the number of courts of general jurisdiction, realized decentralization of functions of justice, as well as eliminated the estates representatives from composition of the judicial board. The monarch reinforced the municipal and district police administration, and distributed the principles of centralization and unification at the volost level of administration system. Paul I demonstrated the support of succession of the sources of law, which regulate court organization and procedure in separate areas violated during the ruling period of Catherine the Great, not only by restoring the pre-reformation bodies in Little Russia and Baltic region, but strengthening the distinct status of ethnical estates and mitigating integration of the migrants. The restoration of special judicial organization in separate areas and weakening of the elements of social control over judicial procedure in state courts, were the factor that objectively constrained the development of system of justice in the Russian Empire.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2017.1.17478

Abstract: The object of this research is the judicial system of the Russian Empire in the late XVIII century. The article analyzes the goals, content, and results of judicial legal reforms realized by Paul I. The author examines the reforms carried out in the general jurisdiction courts, as well as system of bodies of state and public administration. The attention is given to the results of implementation of the judicial legal reform in the regions of Russian Empire with the sanctioned systems of law, and places of compact dwelling of the ethnical social classes. The author concludes that the Emperor Paul I, who attempted to optimize the state apparatus and consolidate legal order based on the “police state ideology”, reduced the number of courts of general jurisdiction, realized decentralization of functions of justice, as well as eliminated the estates representatives from composition of the judicial board. The monarch reinforced the municipal and district police administration, and distributed the principles of centralization and unification at the volost level of administration system. Paul I demonstrated the support of succession of the sources of law, which regulate court organization and procedure in separate areas violated during the ruling period of Catherine the Great, not only by restoring the pre-reformation bodies in Little Russia and Baltic region, but strengthening the distinct status of ethnical estates and mitigating integration of the migrants. The restoration of special judicial organization in separate areas and weakening of the elements of social control over judicial procedure in state courts, were the factor that objectively constrained the development of system of justice in the Russian Empire.

DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2015.4.15629

Abstract: The object of this research is the judicial system of the Russian Empire; the subject is the realization of the institution of the judiciary body of the municipal estates of the 1775-1867. The article presents the analysis of the practice of replacement of the post of a “judge” in the courts of the governorates and districts – in 1775-1797 within the governorates and municipal magistrates and town halls, and in 1802-1867 in the chambers of criminal and civil courts, municipal magistrates and town halls, as well as the attitude of the city residents towards the branches of “official” justice, and efficiency of the judicial-legal policy of the Russian executive authority. The scientific novelty of this research consists in the introduction of the previously unused materials of the procedural documentation of local state branches of the end of XVIII – beginning of the XIX centuries, which shed light on the peculiarities of not only the realization of electoral legislation, but also the work of the courts, created during the reform of the local government of 1775-1785 and their role in the regulation of public relations on the territories of Oblasts with mixed urban population. The conclusions made by the author allow us to assess the methods, means, and results of the efforts of the executive authority in strengthening the balance of public relations – both, inter-class and inter-ethnic.