DOI: 10.7256/2409-7144.2016.6.18254

Abstract: The subject of this research is the state policy of Russian Federation in the area of science and technologies. The author thoroughly examines various approaches towards the determination of such category, and underlines the issue of insufficient research within the framework of political science. Indeed, the majority of works dedicated to the questions of state scientific-technological policy has been published by the representatives of other social sciences – economics, sociology, history, and juridical science. Special attention is given to the methodology of research of the state scientific-technological policy. The author’s main contribution consists in the following: substantiation of the position according to which the state scientific-technological policy should be interpreted not as a unilateral state activity, but as a result of cooperation between the authority and the various institutions of civil society (including scientific community); substantiation of the legitimacy of implementation of the systemic dynamic approach towards the research of state scientific-technological policy.

DOI: 10.7256/2409-7144.2016.3.18176

Abstract: The article gives expanded characteristics to the main approaches towards the research of such complex and multi-aspect category as state policy. The author focuses attention on the teleological, working, administrative, and systemic approaches towards the reviewed notion, as well as on the number of contemporary concepts of state policy that are actively developing overseas within recent years. Special attention is given to the substantiation of the author’s definition of state policy, and the structure of the national model of state policy, including with regards to the modern Russia. The main conclusion consists in recognition of the narrowness of understanding state policy as one-sided state activity. In the author’s opinion, state policy should be interpreted as a result of cooperation between the nations, institutions of civil society, scientific, expert, and business community with the decisive role of the first. It is confirmed by the position of the Russian and foreign political scientists, who note that the process of formation of state policy is interlinked with a complicates collaboration of the various branches of state policy and administration, through the accord of the positions of an entire number of social groups and politicians, as well as various representative of the expert community, and mutual influence of miscellaneous external and internal factors.

DOI: 10.7256/2306-0158.2014.7.12801

Abstract: The present article is devoted to problems of formation and realization of the state scientific and technical policy in modern Russia and to participation of various political institutes in this process. Relevance of the considered perspective as it is represented to the author, is that, despite visible stability, the Russian political system dynamically develops now. It, in particular, finds the reflection in expansion of processes of formation and realization of a state policy, including its such important direction, as policy in the field of science and technologies. System approach which provisions develop and supplemented with the author in relation to studying of processes of formation and realization of a state policy acts as a methodological basis of research. The main issue allocated by the author as scientific novelty is system and dynamic approach to the studied processes. So, According to internal logic of the most state policy it is expedient to assume that it has at least three measurements: spatial, temporary and technological. The first is interfaced to area of implementation of a state policy, and also to those political institutes and government bodies which are involved in this process. The second assumes allocation of a number of stages of life cycle of a state policy, namely its formation, realization and an assessment of its productivity and efficiency. The third means a key role of technologies of interaction of society and state in the considered processes. From positions of this approach the author considers the model of the state scientific and technical policy which developed in nastoyashshchy time in Russia and gives its developed characteristic.

DOI: 10.7256/2306-0158.2014.3.11121

Abstract: The article is devoted to the influence of the type of political system on the model of formation of state policy and extent of participation of various institutes of civil society in this process. According to authors, need of detailed consideration of interrelation like political system and nature of processes of formation of a state policy it is caused by change of paradigms both in political science, and in science of public administration. Under these conditions the analysis of development of technologies of formation of a state policy becomes one of the most important problems of political science. Starting point of research authors see typology political systems and the characteristic of their distinctive features. It is thought proved as the main criterion for classification of political systems to use degree of their openness that is rather boldly reflected in David Easton's classification. Further classification of models of formation of a state policy is given in article. Characterizing the main approaches to formation of priorities of a state policy, authors develop V. V. Lobanov's allocating political, subjective and objective approaches idea. Approach dominating now in Russia in article is designated as state and administrative, representing synthesis of objective approach and separate elements of the subjective.Authors note that one of key problems of interaction of the state and civil society is the problem of degree of publicity of processes of formation and realization of a state policy.In the article the author's treatment of a ratio of types of political system and models of formation of a state policy then the developed characteristic of tendencies of development of political system of Russia and an assessment of prospects of development of dominating model of formation of a state policy is given consistently reveals.

DOI: 10.7256/2306-0158.2013.10.9489

Abstract: The article is devoted to the nature of participation of various institutions of civil society in formation of the national research and development policy in modern Russia. This is a subject matter of the scientific research conducted by the author. In this regard the author raises a problem of publicity of state policy in general and research and development policy in particular.Describing the main approaches to formation of priorities of national policy, the author develops V. V. Lobanov's idea. Lobanov defined political, subjective and objective approaches to the problem. The current approach used by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation is described by the author of the article as a 'national and administrative' approach representing combination of the objective approach with certain elements of the subjective approach. Further the author of the article describes the role of institutions of civil society in formation of the national research and development policy and as well as the role of the government as a moderator of this process. Analyzing views of a number of researchers who studied the problems of development of civil society, the author makes a conclusion about insufficient degree of openness and publicity of the specified process. In particular, the author stresses out very insignificant role of political parties, weakness and small number of specialized NPOs and the lack of a good dialogue between the state institution and academic community concerning definition of priorities of the national research and development policy and reformation of Russian science.